Study of malachite green dye biosorption on acerola (<i>Malpighia emarginata</i>) seeds for the treatment of coloured wastewater: kinetics, equilibrium, and experimental design

Abstract In this work, malachite green dye was removed from an aqueous effluent using acerola seed as adsorbent. The adsorbent characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, zero charge potential, and acid group concentration techniques. findings revealed that the has a characteristic composition of lignocellulosic materials, described FTIR data, besides having pH-PZC 3.5 groups 0.2313 mmol g−1. central composite design used for batch experiments, effects three variables were analysed. optimum conditions (pH, particle size, mass) 10.0, 600 μm, 0.8 g, respectively, 97.52% removal. Redlich–Peterson isotherm fitted well to experimental data (R2 = 0.997 root-mean-square error (RMSE) 1.168). From Langmuir isotherm, maximum adsorption capacity obtained 103.50 mg As kinetics, it found pseudo-second-order model sufficiently describes 0.999 RMSE 0.018). Thus, excellent properties adsorbent, demonstrating remarkable performance great be in treatment effluents contaminated dyes.